Malware refers to any malicious software designed to cause damage to a computer system. Two delivery methods are common: network transmission (web browser or email) and infected USB drives. This software targets computers, mobile devices, and networks with varying capabilities depending on the attack objectives.
Cybercriminals use this software to obtain data for financial gain, including financial information, personal emails, and passwords. Ransomware attacks have become highly profitable. Email remains the preferred delivery vector because most employees cannot determine the difference between a real email and a malicious one.
The Most Common Malware Types
Adware
Software that hijacks your computer browser to display unauthorized pop-up ads, replacing legitimate advertising. Homepage hijacking and default search engine alterations are typical indicators.
Spyware
A malicious program installed in your system that secretly collects and monitors the user’s activities, reporting back to hackers with private information.
Computer Virus
A type of malicious program designed to self-replicate to alter or infect other computer programs within the system. Spreads via USB drives, email attachments, and untrustworthy downloads.
Worms
Similar to viruses but do not need to attach themselves to an existing program, and can replicate automatically without user intervention.
Trojan Horse
A type of malware or malicious program that disguises itself as a legitimate application. Gains unauthorized system access to steal financial information or install additional malware.
Ransomware
A form of malware designed to encrypt the victim’s software and data files, with attackers demanding payment for decryption keys. It is one of the most profitable attacks in recent years.
Rootkit
A form of malware that gives the attacker root access or administrator privileges of an affected system, operating silently for remote control.
Keylogger
A keystroke capturing malware designed to record and report all data typed on the victim’s computer, intercepting usernames, passwords, and confidential information.
How to Protect Yourself Against Malware
- Maintain all software updates.
- Avoid clicking unknown email links.
- Use pop-up blockers.
- Back up your systems.
What is Computer Malware?
If your device is already infected, reinstalling your device’s operating system is the most effective removal method. Consider using a more secure operating system like Ubuntu Linux.
The Bottom Line
Staying vigilant about the software you install, the emails you open, and the links you click is the best defense against malware. Keeping systems updated and backed up limits the damage an infection can cause.