Networking on Victor Hugo Solis

What are Binary and Hexadecimal Number Systems?

Fri, 08 Mar 2024 09:00:00 -0800

What Are Binary Numbers?

A binary number is part of a numeral system expressed only with 0s and 1s. Importantly, this is the basis for all binary code — the language in which computer hardware communicates with another piece of hardware.

Basics of Binary Numbers

Firstly, before I start talking about a good old computer networking conversation, let’s start by introducing some of the basics of binary calculations. As kids, we all learn how to use the decimal system. My daughter is 3 years old and already learning to count to 10. This is easy because most of us have 10 fingers so we don’t have to count off the top of our head.

What Is an IP Address? IPv4, IPv6, Public, and Private Addresses

Fri, 08 Mar 2024 09:00:00 -0800

An Internet Protocol address, or IP address, is a numeric identifier assigned to a network interface for communication on an IP network. Not every device receives a globally routable address; many devices use private addresses behind a router. The growth of connected devices increased demand for IPv6 alongside IPv4. See Internet Protocol for more background.

What Are the Different Types of IP Addresses?

Two main categories exist: public addresses (provided by internet service providers) and local addresses (automatically assigned by routers to local network devices). Private addresses remain unreachable outside local networks.

What is a Subnet and How Does It Work?

Tue, 21 Sep 2021 09:00:00 -0800

“A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.”

Subnetting improves efficiency by “reducing network traffic by traveling shorter distances” and “avoiding unnecessary routes, therefore, shortening the destination path.”

IP Address and Subnet Mask

IPv4 addresses consist of 32 binary bits divided into network and host portions. “The range of values in decimal is 0 to 255 because that represents 00000000 to 11111111 in binary.”

Samba Server: How to Install and Configure on Ubuntu

Fri, 25 Jun 2021 09:00:00 -0800

“Samba is free and open-source software that enables file sharing across different operating systems over a network.” It serves as a Linux implementation alternative to the Windows SMB protocol with four primary functions:

File & print services
Authentication and Authorization
Name resolution
Service announcement (browsing)

Install Samba Server on Ubuntu

Before installation, update your packages. Install Samba with these commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install samba

Create a directory using mkdir:

Benefits of IT Certifications

Wed, 10 Feb 2021 09:00:00 -0800

Why should you earn an IT certification?

An IT certification is a credential validating your technical skills, obtainable by passing a two-hour exam. “Certification demonstrates your dedication, motivation, and technical knowledge of a specific skill.”

Certifications fall into two categories: vendor or skill-specific. Popular vendors include CompTIA, Cisco, Microsoft, Oracle, and Amazon.

Earning appropriate certifications “provides employers with the assurance that you have the skills required to do the job” through demonstrated expertise.

What Are the Well-Known Port Numbers?

Tue, 26 Jan 2021 09:00:00 -0800

A port number is a 16-bit numeric value ranging between 0 and 65535, with three categories: well-known ports, registered ports, and dynamic ports. These are essential to network communication and relevant for certification study (CCNA or CompTIA Network+). Port numbers are assigned and maintained by IANA and enable application communication via TCP or UDP protocols.

How does a port work?

Computers feature two port types: physical ports (connecting peripheral devices) and network communication ports (enabling computer-to-computer network communication). Network communication ports operate at the Transport layer via TCP/UDP protocols, directing incoming traffic to appropriate protocols.

What Is the OSI Model? The Seven Network Layers

Tue, 26 Jan 2021 09:00:00 -0800

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) or OSI Model was invented as a representation to standardize communication between two computers. This networking model divides the networking process into 7 layers. Above all, these standards serve as a guide that helps vendors and developers create devices that interoperate with each other regardless of the brand.

All these 7 layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe. Nowadays, it is primarily used as a teaching tool for network architecture. This is an important part of CompTIA network+ certification.

What Is Internet Protocol (IP)? Packets, Routing, and Addressing

Sun, 24 Jan 2021 09:00:00 -0800

What is Internet Protocol (IP)? The Internet Protocol is a set of rules for addressing and routing packets across interconnected networks. These rules help deliver packets toward their intended destinations.

Data sent over the internet is divided into smaller sections called packets. Each packet includes addressing information that routers use to forward it toward the correct network.

Components of the Internet Protocol Datagram

IP Identification (IPID) Used to uniquely identify IP datagrams and for reassembly of fragmented packets.
Time-to-live (TTL) Attempts to keep datagrams and packets from routing in circles. When TTL reaches 0, the datagram is dropped. The TTL allows traceroute to function, identifying each router in a network by sending out datagrams with successively increasing TTLs, and tracking when those TTLs are exceeded.
Protocol Describes the higher-level protocol embedded within the datagram.
Source IP Address The IP address of the host where the datagram was created.
Destination IP Address The destination where the datagram should be sent.